# Waning effect classes¶

The following classes are nested within interventions (both individual-level and node-level) to indicate how their efficacy wanes over time. They can be used with several parameters including Blocking_Config, Killing_Config, and Waning_Config. Note that waning effect parameters do not control the overall duration of an intervention and are not assigned probabilistically.

Note

Parameters are case-sensitive. For Boolean parameters, set to 1 for true or 0 for false. Minimum, maximum, or default values of “NA” indicate that those values are not applicable for that parameter.

EMOD does not use true defaults; that is, if the dependency relationships indicate that a parameter is required, you must supply a value for it. However, many of the tools used to work with EMOD will use the default values provided below.

JSON format does not permit comments, but you can add “dummy” parameters to add contextual information to your files. Any keys that are not EMOD parameter names will be ignored by the model.

See the example below that uses a mix of different waning effect classes and the tables below that describe all parameters that can be used with each waning effect class.

{
"Events": [
{
"class": "CampaignEvent",
"Start_Day": 1,
"Nodeset_Config": {
"class": "NodeSetAll"
},
"Event_Coordinator_Config": {
"class": "StandardInterventionDistributionEventCoordinator",
"Target_Demographic": "Everyone",
"Demographic_Coverage": 1.0,
"Number_Repetitions": -1,
"Timesteps_Between_Repetitions": 60,
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "SimpleBednet",
"Cost_To_Consumer": 5,
"Usage_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectRandomBox",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
},
"Blocking_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectExponential",
"Decay_Time_Constant": 150,
"Initial_Effect": 0.5
},
"Killing_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectConstant",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0
}
}
}
}
],
"Use_Defaults": 1
}


## WaningEffectBox¶

The efficacy is held at a constant rate until it drops to zero after the user-defined duration.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"Blocking_Config": {
"Box_Duration": 3650,
"Initial_Effect": 0,
"class": "WaningEffectBox"
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Box_Duration float 0 100000 100 The box duration of the effect in days.
{
"Box_Duration": 40
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 Strength of the effect, which remains constant until the duration is complete, as specified with the Box_Duration parameter for the WaningEffectBox class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Box_Duration": 10,
"Initial_Effect": 0.75,
"class": "WaningEffectBox"
}
}


## WaningEffectBoxExponential¶

The initial efficacy is held for a specified duration, then the efficacy decays at an exponential rate where the current effect is equal to Initial_Effect - dt/Decay_Time_Constant.

  {
"Intervention_Config": {
"Reduction_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectBoxExponential",
"Box_Duration": 100,
"Decay_Time_Constant": 150,
"Initial_Effect": 0.1
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Box_Duration float 0 100000 100 The box duration of the effect in days.
{
"Box_Duration": 3650,
"Initial_Effect": 0.97,
"Decay_Time_Constant": 50
}

Decay_Time_Constant float 0 100000 100 The exponential decay length, in days, where the current effect is equal to Initial_Effect - dt/Decay_Time_Constant (dt equal to delta time).
{
"Box_Duration": 3650,
"Initial_Effect": 0.97,
"Decay_Time_Constant": 50
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The initial efficacy, held for a duration as specified with the Box_Duration parameter and then decaying at an exponential length (in days), where the current effect is equal to Initial_Effect - dt/Decay_Time_Constant (dt equal to delta time).
{
"Box_Duration": 3650,
"Initial_Effect": 0.97,
"Decay_Time_Constant": 50
}


## WaningEffectCombo¶

The WaningEffectCombo class is used within individual-level interventions and allows for specifiying a list of effects when the intervention only has one WaningEffect defined. These effects can be added or multiplied.

{
"class" : "WaningEffectCombo",
"Expires_When_All_Expire" :0,
"Effect_List" : [
{
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinear",
"Initial_Effect" : 1.0,
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End" : 1,
"Durability_Map" :
{
"Times"  : [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 ],
"Values" : [ 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 ]
}
},
{
"class": "WaningEffectBox",
"Initial_Effect": 0.5,
"Box_Duration" : 5.0
}
]
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 Strength of the effect, which remains constant when using with the WaningEffectConstant class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Initial_Effect": 0.65,
"class": "WaningEffectConstant"
}
}


## WaningEffectConstant¶

The efficacy is held at a constant rate.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "SimpleBednet",
"Killing_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectConstant",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 Strength of the effect, which remains constant when using with the WaningEffectConstant class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Initial_Effect": 0.65,
"class": "WaningEffectConstant"
}
}


## WaningEffectExponential¶

The efficacy decays at an exponential rate where the current effect is equal to Initial_Effect - dt/Decay_Time_Constant.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "SimpleBednet",
"Blocking_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectExponential",
"Decay_Time_Constant": 150,
"Initial_Effect": 0.5
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Decay_Time_Constant float 0 100000 100 The exponential decay length, in days, where the current effect is equal to 1 - dt/Decay_Time_Constant (dt equal to delta time).
{
"Decay_Time_Constant": 30,
"Initial_Effect": 0.95
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The initial efficacy, held for a specified duration (in days) as specified with the Box_Duration parameter. After this duration the efficacy decays at an exponential decay length (in days), where the current effect is equal to Initial_Effect - dt/Decay_Time_Constant (dt equal to delta time).
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Decay_Time_Constant": 0.87,
"Initial_Effect": 0.9,
"class": "WaningEffectExponential"
}
}


## WaningEffectMapCount¶

The WaningEffectMapCount class assigns a probability to a particular update of the effect. This typically used with AdherentDrug so one can assign a probability that a person takes a particular dose. The Times value should be integers starting from 1 and increasing.

If the example below were used in AdherentDrug, the probability that the person took the first dose would be 40%, 30% for the second dose, and so on.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"Waning_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectMapCount",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0],
"Values": [0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1]
}
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Durability_Map JSON object NA NA NA The time, in days, since the intervention was distributed and a multiplier for the Initial_Effect.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0.0,
20.0,
21.0,
30.0,
31.0,
365.0
],
"Values": [
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0
]
}
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The multiplier used to define the magnitude of the shape of the curve, as specified when using the parameters with the WaningEffectMapLinear class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
30,
60,
90,
120
],
"Values": [
0.9,
0.3,
0.9,
0.6,
1
]
},
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 0,
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinear"
}
}

Times array of floats 0 999999 NA An array of days.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
385,
390,
10000
],
"Values": [
0,
0.0,
0.5,
0.5
]
}
}

Values array of floats 0 3.40282e+38 NA An array of values to match the defined Times.
{
"Times": [
1998,
2000,
2003,
2006,
2009
],
"Values": [
0,
0.26,
0.08,
0.14,
0.54
]
}


## WaningEffectMapLinear¶

The efficacy decays based on the time since the start of the intervention. This change is defined by a map of time to efficacy values in which the time between time/value points is linearly interpolated. When the time since start reaches the end of the times in the map, the last value will be used unless the intervention expires. If the time since start is less than the first value in the map, the efficacy will be zero. This can be used to define the shape of a curve whose magnitude is defined by the Initial_Effect multiplier.

 {
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "ControlledVaccine",
"Waning_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinear",
"Reference_Timer": 0,
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 1,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [0, 120, 240, 360],
"Values": [0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 0.0]
}
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Durability_Map JSON object NA NA NA The time, in days, since the intervention was distributed and a multiplier for the Initial_Effect.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0.0,
20.0,
21.0,
30.0,
31.0,
365.0
],
"Values": [
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0
]
}
}

Expire_At_Durability_Map_End boolean 0 1 0 Set to 1 to let the intervention expire when the end of the map is reached.
{
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 1
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The multiplier used to define the magnitude of the shape of the curve, as specified when using the parameters with the WaningEffectMapLinear class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
30,
60,
90,
120
],
"Values": [
0.9,
0.3,
0.9,
0.6,
1
]
},
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 0,
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinear"
}
}

Reference_Timer integer 0 2147480000.0 0 The timestamp at which linear-map should be anchored.
{
"Reference_Timer": 1
}

Times array of floats 0 999999 NA An array of days.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
385,
390,
10000
],
"Values": [
0,
0.0,
0.5,
0.5
]
}
}

Values array of floats 0 3.40282e+38 NA An array of values to match the defined Times.
{
"Times": [
1998,
2000,
2003,
2006,
2009
],
"Values": [
0,
0.26,
0.08,
0.14,
0.54
]
}


## WaningEffectMapLinearAge¶

Similar to WaningEffectMapLinear, except that the efficacy decays based on the age of the individual who owns the intervention instead of the time since the start of the intervention.

{
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinearAge",
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
1,
2,
5,
7
],
"Values": [
1,
0.75,
0.5,
0.25
]
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Durability_Map JSON object NA NA NA The time, in days, since the intervention was distributed and a multiplier for the Initial_Effect.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
1,
2,
5,
7
],
"Values": [
1,
0.75,
0.5,
0.25
]
}
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The multiplier used to define the magnitude of the shape of the curve, as specified when using the parameters with the WaningEffectMapLinearAge class.
{
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinearAge",
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
1,
2,
5,
7
],
"Values": [
1,
0.75,
0.5,
0.25
]
}
}

Times array of floats 0 125 NA An array of years.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
1,
2,
5,
7
],
"Values": [
1,
0.75,
0.5,
0.25
]
}
}

Values array of floats 0 3.40282e+38 NA An array of values to match the defined Times.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
1,
2,
5,
7
],
"Values": [
1,
0.75,
0.5,
0.25
]
}
}


## WaningEffectMapLinearSeasonal¶

Similar to WaningEffectMapLinear, except that the map will repeat itself every 365 days. That is, the time since start will reset to zero once it reaches 365. This allows you to simulate seasonal effects.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "UsageDependentBednet",
"Usage_Config_List": [{
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinearSeasonal",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [0.0, 20.0, 21.0, 30.0, 31.0, 365.0],
"Values": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]
}
}]
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Durability_Map JSON object NA NA NA The time, in days, since the intervention was distributed and a multiplier for the Initial_Effect.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0.0,
20.0,
21.0,
30.0,
31.0,
365.0
],
"Values": [
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0
]
}
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The multiplier used to define the magnitude of the shape of the curve, as specified when using the parameters with the WaningEffectMapLinearSeasonal class.
{
"class": "WaningEffectMapLinearSeasonal",
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
20,
21,
30,
31,
365
],
"Values": [
1,
1,
0,
0,
1,
1
]
}
}

Times array of floats 0 365 NA An array of days.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0.0,
20.0,
21.0,
30.0,
31.0,
365.0
],
"Values": [
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0
]
}
}

Values array of floats 0 3.40282e+38 NA An array of values to match the defined Times.
{
"Times": [
1998,
2000,
2003,
2006,
2009
],
"Values": [
0,
0.26,
0.08,
0.14,
0.54
]
}


## WaningEffectMapPiecewise¶

Similar to WaningEffectMapLinear, except that the data is assumed to be constant between time/value points (no interpolation). If the time since start falls between two points, the efficacy of the earlier time point is used.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "SimpleVaccine",
"Waning_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectMapPiecewise",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
"Reference_Timer": 0,
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 0,
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [10, 30, 50],
"Values": [0.9, 0.1, 0.6]
}
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Durability_Map JSON object NA NA NA The time, in days, since the intervention was distributed and a multiplier for the Initial_Effect.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0.0,
20.0,
21.0,
30.0,
31.0,
365.0
],
"Values": [
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0
]
}
}

Expire_At_Durability_Map_End boolean 0 1 0 Set to 1 to let the intervention expire when the end of the map is reached.
{
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 1
}

Initial_Effect float 0 1 1 The multiplier used to define the magnitude of the shape of the curve, as specified when using the parameters with the WaningEffectMapPiecewise class.
{
"Waning_Config": {
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
10,
30,
50
],
"Values": [
0.9,
0.1,
0.6
]
},
"Expire_At_Durability_Map_End": 0,
"Initial_Effect": 1,
"class": "WaningEffectMapPiecewise"
}
}

Reference_Timer integer 0 2147480000.0 0 The timestamp at which linear-map should be anchored.
{
"Reference_Timer": 1
}

Times array of floats 0 999999 NA An array of days.
{
"Durability_Map": {
"Times": [
0,
385,
390,
10000
],
"Values": [
0,
0.0,
0.5,
0.5
]
}
}

Values array of floats 0 3.40282e+38 NA An array of values to match the defined Times.
{
"Times": [
1998,
2000,
2003,
2006,
2009
],
"Values": [
0,
0.26,
0.08,
0.14,
0.54
]
}


## WaningEffectRandomBox¶

The efficacy is held at a constant rate until it drops to zero after a user-defined duration. This duration is randomly selected from an exponential distribution where Expected_Discard_Time is the mean.

{
"Intervention_Config": {
"class": "SimpleBednet",
"Cost_To_Consumer": 5,
"Usage_Config": {
"class": "WaningEffectRandomBox",
"Initial_Effect": 1.0,
}
}
}

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Expected_Discard_Time float 0 100000 100 The mean time, in days, of an exponential distribution of the duration of the effect of an intervention (such as a vaccine or bed net). Specify how this effect decays over time using one of the Waning effect classes.
{

{