Individual-level interventions¶
Individual-level interventions determine what will be distributed to individuals to reduce the spread of a disease. For example, distributing vaccines or drugs are individual-level interventions. In the schema, these are labeled as IndividualTargeted.
It is also possible (but not required) to configure why a particular intervention is distributed by adding trigger conditions to the intervention. For example, interventions can be triggered by notifications broadcast after some an event, such as Births (the individual’s own birth), GaveBirth, NewInfectionEvent, and more. It’s also possible to have one intervention trigger another intervention by asking the first intervention to broadcast a unique string, and having the second intervention be triggered upon receipt of that string. See Event list.
Individual-level interventions can be used as part of configuring a cascade of care along with the individual properties set in the demographics file. Use Disqualifying_Properties to disqualify individuals who would otherwise receive the intervention and New_Property_Value to assign a new value when the intervention is received. For example, you can assign a property value after receiving the first-line treatment for a disease and prevent anyone from receiving the second-line treatment unless they have that property value and are still symptomatic.
Vector control¶
The following individual-level interventions are commonly used for vector control.
Intervention
Target life stage
Target biting preference
Target biting location
Effect
feeding cycle
human
killing
feeding cycle
human
indoor
killing, blocking
feeding cycle
human
all
killing
feeding cycle
human
indoor
killing, blocking
feeding cycle
human
indoor
killing, blocking
feeding cycle
human
all
blocking
feeding cycle
human
indoor
killing, blocking
Summary table of individual-level interventions¶
The following table provides an at-a-glance overview of the individual-level interventions.
Intervention
Short description
Able to be serialized?
Uses insecticides
Time-based expiration?
Purge existing?
Vector killing contributes to:
Vector effects
Model adherence with AntimalarialDrug
Y
Y/N
Distribute one drug to an individual
Y
Sort of
Adjust an individual’s relative chance of getting bitten by a mosquito
Sort of
Sort of
Send an event to an individual
Send an event to individuals in other nodes
Manage how an individual receives a vaccine
Y
Y
Controlled
Wait before sending event or intervention
Y
Y
Attracts and kills host-seeking mosquitoes
Y
Y
Indoor Die Before Feeding
Attracting, killing
Check if an individual’s immunity meets a specified threshold
Y
Not tested with Malaria
Y
Indoor Residual Spraying for an individual
Y
Y
Y
Indoor Die After Feeding
Repelling, killing
Distribute an intervention to an indivdiual when they reach a specific age
Y
Sort of
Kill vectors feeding on human
Y
Y
Sort of
Y
Indoor/Outdoor Die After Feeding
Killing
Test if an individual is infected
Y/N
Schedule a trip for a single individual
Y/N
Not tested with Malaria
Y
Not tested with Malaria
Y
Wanning Effect Expiration
Individual IRS involving multiple insecticides
Y
Y
Y
Indoor Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, killing
ITN treated with multiple insecticides
Y
Y
Y
By Name
Indoor Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, blocking, killing
Distribute multiple interventions instead of one
Y/N
Control doses of multiple drugs
Y
Infect individuals
N
Infect individuals with a specific parasite genome
N
Infect individuals with specific antigen values
N
Change an individual’s IndividualProperty value
Y
Boost CSP antibody
Y
Modify an individual’s house with screens that kill and block vectors
Y
Y
Y
Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, killing
Insecticide Treated Net (ITN)
Y
Y
Wanning Effect Expiration
By Name
Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, blocking, killing
Not tested with Malaria
Y
Test if an individual is infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics
Y/N
Randomly distribute interventions or events to individuals
Y/N
Block & kill vectors at an individual’s house
Y
Y
Y
Indoor Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, killing
Block vectors from biting an individual
Y
Y
Repelling
Modify the acquisition, transmission, and mortality effects by distributing a vaccine
Y
Wanning Effect Expiration
Block vectors from an individual’s house
Y
Y
Y
Repelling
Test if individuals are infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics
Y/N
Control when individuals use bednets (ITN)
Y
Y
Y
By Name
Indoor Die Before/After Feeding
Repelling, blocking, killing
- AdherentDrug
- AntimalarialDrug
- BitingRisk
- BroadcastEvent
- BroadcastEventToOtherNodes
- ControlledVaccine
- DelayedIntervention
- HumanHostSeekingTrap
- ImmunityBloodTest
- IndividualImmunityChanger
- IndividualNonDiseaseDeathRateModifier
- IRSHousingModification
- IVCalendar
- Ivermectin
- MalariaDiagnostic
- MigrateIndividuals
- MultiEffectBoosterVaccine
- MultiEffectVaccine
- MultiInsecticideIRSHousingModification
- MultiInsecticideUsageDependentBednet
- MultiInterventionDistributor
- MultiPackComboDrug
- OutbreakIndividual
- OutbreakIndividualMalariaGenetics
- OutbreakIndividualMalariaVarGenes
- PropertyValueChanger
- RTSSVaccine
- ScreeningHousingModification
- SimpleBednet
- SimpleBoosterVaccine
- SimpleDiagnostic
- SimpleHealthSeekingBehavior
- SimpleHousingModification
- SimpleIndividualRepellent
- SimpleVaccine
- SpatialRepellentHousingModification
- StandardDiagnostic
- UsageDependentBednet