Individual-level interventions

Individual-level interventions determine what will be distributed to individuals to reduce the spread of a disease. For example, distributing vaccines or drugs are individual-level interventions. In the schema, these are labeled as IndividualTargeted.

It is also possible (but not required) to configure why a particular intervention is distributed by adding trigger conditions to the intervention. For example, interventions can be triggered by notifications broadcast after some an event, such as Births (the individual’s own birth), GaveBirth, NewInfectionEvent, and more. It’s also possible to have one intervention trigger another intervention by asking the first intervention to broadcast a unique string, and having the second intervention be triggered upon receipt of that string. See Event list.

Individual-level interventions can be used as part of configuring a cascade of care along with the individual properties set in the demographics file. Use Disqualifying_Properties to disqualify individuals who would otherwise receive the intervention and New_Property_Value to assign a new value when the intervention is received. For example, you can assign a property value after receiving the first-line treatment for a disease and prevent anyone from receiving the second-line treatment unless they have that property value and are still symptomatic.

Vector control

The following individual-level interventions are commonly used for vector control.

Intervention Target life stage Target biting preference Target biting location Effect
HumanHostSeekingTrap feeding cycle human   killing
IRSHousingModification feeding cycle human indoor killing, blocking
Ivermectin feeding cycle human all killing
ScreeningHousingModification feeding cycle human indoor killing, blocking
SimpleBednet feeding cycle human indoor killing, blocking
SimpleIndividualRepellent feeding cycle human all blocking
SpatialRepellentHousingModification feeding cycle human indoor killing, blocking

Summary table of individual-level interventions

The following table provides an at-a-glance overview of the individual-level interventions.

Intervention Short description Able to be serialized? Uses insecticides Time-based expiration? Purge existing? Vector killing contributes to: Vector effects
AdherentDrug Model adherence with AntimalarialDrug Y   Y/N      
AntimalarialDrug Distribute one drug to an individual Y   Sort of      
BitingRisk Adjust an individual’s relative chance of getting bitten by a mosquito Sort of     Sort of    
BroadcastEvent Send an event to an individual            
BroadcastEventToOtherNodes Send an event to individuals in other nodes            
ControlledVaccine Manage how an individual receives a vaccine Y   Y Controlled    
DelayedIntervention Wait before sending event or intervention Y   Y      
HumanHostSeekingTrap Attracts and kills host-seeking mosquitoes Y     Y Indoor Die Before Feeding Attracting, killing
ImmunityBloodTest Check if an individual’s immunity meets a specified threshold Y          
IndividualImmunityChanger Not tested with Malaria Y          
IRSHousingModification Indoor Residual Spraying for an individual Y Y   Y Indoor Die After Feeding Repelling, killing
IVCalendar Distribute an intervention to an indivdiual when they reach a specific age Y   Sort of      
Ivermectin Kill vectors feeding on human Y Y Sort of Y Indoor/Outdoor Die After Feeding Killing
MalariaDiagnostic Test if an individual is infected Y/N          
MigrateIndividuals Schedule a trip for a single individual Y/N          
MultiEffectBoosterVaccine Not tested with Malaria Y          
MultiEffectVaccine Not tested with Malaria Y   Wanning Effect Expiration      
MultiInsecticideIRSHousingModification Individual IRS involving multiple insecticides Y Y   Y Indoor Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, killing
MultiInsecticideUsageDependentBednet ITN treated with multiple insecticides Y Y Y By Name Indoor Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, blocking, killing
MultiInterventionDistributor Distribute multiple interventions instead of one Y/N          
MultiPackComboDrug Control doses of multiple drugs Y          
OutbreakIndividual Infect individuals N          
OutbreakIndividualMalariaGenetics Infect individuals with a specific parasite genome N          
OutbreakIndividualMalariaVarGenes Infect individuals with specific antigen values N          
PropertyValueChanger Change an individual’s IndividualProperty value Y          
RTSSVaccine Boost CSP antibody Y          
ScreeningHousingModification Modify an individual’s house with screens that kill and block vectors Y Y   Y Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, killing
SimpleBednet Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) Y Y Wanning Effect Expiration By Name Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, blocking, killing
SimpleBoosterVaccine Not tested with Malaria Y          
SimpleDiagnostic Test if an individual is infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics Y/N          
SimpleHealthSeekingBehavior Randomly distribute interventions or events to individuals Y/N          
SimpleHousingModification Block & kill vectors at an individual’s house Y Y   Y Indoor Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, killing
SimpleIndividualRepellent Block vectors from biting an individual Y Y       Repelling
SimpleVaccine Modify the acquisition, transmission, and mortality effects by distributing a vaccine Y   Wanning Effect Expiration      
SpatialRepellentHousingModification Block vectors from an individual’s house Y Y   Y   Repelling
StandardDiagnostic Test if individuals are infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics Y/N          
UsageDependentBednet Control when individuals use bednets (ITN) Y Y Y By Name Indoor Die Before/After Feeding Repelling, blocking, killing