Individual-level interventions#

Individual-level interventions determine what will be distributed to individuals to reduce the spread of a disease. For example, distributing vaccines or drugs are individual-level interventions. In the schema, these are labeled as IndividualTargeted.

It is also possible (but not required) to configure why a particular intervention is distributed by adding trigger conditions to the intervention. For example, interventions can be triggered by notifications broadcast after some an event, such as Births (the individual’s own birth), GaveBirth, NewInfectionEvent, and more. It’s also possible to have one intervention trigger another intervention by asking the first intervention to broadcast a unique string, and having the second intervention be triggered upon receipt of that string. See Event list.

Individual-level interventions can be used as part of configuring a cascade of care along with the individual properties set in the demographics file. Use Disqualifying_Properties to disqualify individuals who would otherwise receive the intervention and New_Property_Value to assign a new value when the intervention is received. For example, you can assign a property value after receiving the first-line treatment for a disease and prevent anyone from receiving the second-line treatment unless they have that property value and are still symptomatic.

Vector control#

The following individual-level interventions are commonly used for vector control.

Intervention

Target life stage

Target biting preference

Target biting location

Effect

HumanHostSeekingTrap

feeding cycle

human

killing

IRSHousingModification

feeding cycle

human

indoor

killing, blocking

Ivermectin

feeding cycle

human

all

killing

ScreeningHousingModification

feeding cycle

human

indoor

killing, blocking

SimpleBednet

feeding cycle

human

indoor

killing, blocking

SimpleIndividualRepellent

feeding cycle

human

all

blocking

SpatialRepellentHousingModification

feeding cycle

human

indoor

killing, blocking

Summary table of individual-level interventions#

The following table provides an at-a-glance overview of the individual-level interventions.

Intervention

Short description

Able to be serialized?

Uses insecticides

Time-based expiration?

Purge existing?

Vector killing contributes to:

Vector effects

AdherentDrug

Model adherence with AntimalarialDrug

Y

Y/N

AntimalarialDrug

Distribute one drug to an individual

Y

Sort of

BitingRisk

Adjust an individual’s relative chance of getting bitten by a mosquito

Sort of

Sort of

BroadcastEvent

Send an event to an individual

BroadcastEventToOtherNodes

Send an event to individuals in other nodes

ControlledVaccine

Manage how an individual receives a vaccine

Y

Y

Controlled

DelayedIntervention

Wait before sending event or intervention

Y

Y

HumanHostSeekingTrap

Attracts and kills host-seeking mosquitoes

Y

Y

Indoor Die Before Feeding

Attracting, killing

ImmunityBloodTest

Check if an individual’s immunity meets a specified threshold

Y

IndividualImmunityChanger

Not tested with Malaria

Y

IRSHousingModification

Indoor Residual Spraying for an individual

Y

Y

Y

Indoor Die After Feeding

Repelling, killing

IVCalendar

Distribute an intervention to an indivdiual when they reach a specific age

Y

Sort of

Ivermectin

Kill vectors feeding on human

Y

Y

Sort of

Y

Indoor/Outdoor Die After Feeding

Killing

MalariaDiagnostic

Test if an individual is infected

Y/N

MigrateIndividuals

Schedule a trip for a single individual

Y/N

MultiEffectBoosterVaccine

Not tested with Malaria

Y

MultiEffectVaccine

Not tested with Malaria

Y

Wanning Effect Expiration

MultiInsecticideIRSHousingModification

Individual IRS involving multiple insecticides

Y

Y

Y

Indoor Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, killing

MultiInsecticideUsageDependentBednet

ITN treated with multiple insecticides

Y

Y

Y

By Name

Indoor Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, blocking, killing

MultiInterventionDistributor

Distribute multiple interventions instead of one

Y/N

MultiPackComboDrug

Control doses of multiple drugs

Y

OutbreakIndividual

Infect individuals

N

OutbreakIndividualMalariaGenetics

Infect individuals with a specific parasite genome

N

OutbreakIndividualMalariaVarGenes

Infect individuals with specific antigen values

N

PropertyValueChanger

Change an individual’s IndividualProperty value

Y

RTSSVaccine

Boost CSP antibody

Y

ScreeningHousingModification

Modify an individual’s house with screens that kill and block vectors

Y

Y

Y

Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, killing

SimpleBednet

Insecticide Treated Net (ITN)

Y

Y

Wanning Effect Expiration

By Name

Indoor- Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, blocking, killing

SimpleBoosterVaccine

Not tested with Malaria

Y

SimpleDiagnostic

Test if an individual is infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics

Y/N

SimpleHealthSeekingBehavior

Randomly distribute interventions or events to individuals

Y/N

SimpleHousingModification

Block & kill vectors at an individual’s house

Y

Y

Y

Indoor Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, killing

SimpleIndividualRepellent

Block vectors from biting an individual

Y

Y

Repelling

SimpleVaccine

Modify the acquisition, transmission, and mortality effects by distributing a vaccine

Y

Wanning Effect Expiration

SpatialRepellentHousingModification

Block vectors from an individual’s house

Y

Y

Y

Repelling

StandardDiagnostic

Test if individuals are infected using sensitivity and specificity diagnostics

Y/N

UsageDependentBednet

Control when individuals use bednets (ITN)

Y

Y

Y

By Name

Indoor Die Before/After Feeding

Repelling, blocking, killing